Over many years, blood sugar that stays above target can harm small and large blood vessels and nerves. Because the early changes are usually painless, people often feel completely well while damage quietly develops. This is the main reason doctors schedule regular check-ups for people with diabetes even when they have no complaints.
The eyes can develop diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision loss that is far easier to treat when found early. Kidneys can lose filtering ability, which is checked with simple blood and urine tests. Nerve damage can cause numbness, tingling or burning in the feet, so small cuts or blisters may go unnoticed and become serious infections. Diabetes also raises the risk of heart disease and stroke, which is why blood pressure and cholesterol matter too.
Ask your doctor how often you need an eye examination, kidney tests, a foot check and a review of your long-term sugar control. Check your own feet every day, wear well-fitting shoes, and never walk barefoot where there may be sharp objects. Keep blood pressure under control, avoid smoking, and take medicines as prescribed. Seek care quickly for a foot wound that is slow to heal, sudden changes in vision, or swelling and unusual tiredness.